Figure 1
From: Meadow up a tree: Feeding flocks with a native ash tree in the Moroccan mountains
Different human-induced ash tree ports providing differentiated pastoral resources. (a) Overgrazed tree (locally called ‘green rock’), (b) ash trees forming small groves for browsing and livestock resting, (c) shrubby ash tree directly browsed, (d) single-stemmed pollarder ash tree, (e) multi-stemmed pollarder ash tree, and (f) pollarded ash tree with a large anastomosed trunk, resulting from practices intended to improve leaf and wood productivity