Table 4 Factor score for the first principal component analysis

Social vulnerability variables

Sex of HH head: female-headed

Age of HH head: 50+ years

Experiences in the area: less than 5 years

HH size: more than 5 persons

Educational level: no primary education

Dependents: more than 5 persons

Marital status: single (including divorced and widowed)

Linkages: having no social linkages

Visit by extension officers: no access to extension services

Access to early warning information: having no access

Economic variables

Non-farm income: HH with no farm income

Herd size in TLU: own less than 2 TLUs

Herd structure: no milking herd

Distance to markets: more than 10 km away

Property regime: own private land

Access to remittances: no cash transfers

HH employed: no member of HH employed

HH coping strategies: more than 2 coping strategies

Livestock diversity: less than 2 livestock species

Credit access: having no access to credit at all

Mobility: able to move livestock freely

Environmental variables

Climate change: experiencing change

Temperature: experiencing increase

Drought: noticed increasing events

Flood: noticed change

Wind: noticed unusual change

HH facing more than 2 hazards in 5 years