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Pastoralism

Research, Policy and Practice

Fig. 5 | Pastoralism

Fig. 5

From: Tracking free-ranging sheep to evaluate interrelations between selective grazing, movement patterns and the botanical composition of alpine summer pastures in northern Italy

Fig. 5

Mean proportions (%) of a phenological and b conditional stages as well as of c functional groups, and d mean indicator values, as affected by the interaction of defoliation and month throughout the selection observation period. ANOVA outputs of interaction effects (D × M) are shown for generative phenology, grasses and herbs, and outputs of the defoliation main effect (D) for all other variables where the interaction was not significant. Indicated are F-values, degrees of freedom and p-values. Bars represent arithmetic means ± standard errors of means (SE) as calculated from the raw data. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among means of defoliation within month. Uppercase letters indicate significant differences of means among months within defoliation (p < .05)

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