Research, Policy and Practice
Indicator | Triangulation |
---|---|
Rainfall | Comparison with objective rainfall data (Fig. 6) and literature (Chaplin et al. 2017) shows strong agreement Monthly calendar results were highly plausible |
Availability of cow milk | Animal production literature explains how cow milk production in African pastoralist systems follows rainfallpatterns and availability of pasture (Jahnke 1982). Monthly calendar results were highly plausible |
Availability of goat milk | Animal production literature explains how goat milk production in African pastoralist systems follows rainfall patterns, breeding management and availability of browse (Devandra and McLeroy 1982). Monthly calendar results were highly plausible |
Availability of own-produced sorghum | Agriculture literature explains the seasonality of the rain-fed crop production, including sorghum production in dryland areas of Africa and specifically in Karamoja (Robinson and Zappacosta 2014). Constraints to sorghum production in Karamoja explain low production (Cullis 2018). Monthly calendar results were highly plausible |
Women’s work in own gardens | Monthly calendar results highly plausible if compared to the pattern of sorghum production (see above) and related tasks; women carry out most of the work in gardens in Karamoja (Cullis 2018) |
Women’s other work | Monthly calendar results highly plausible if monthly patterns of staple, own-produced foods are valid (see above) Women’s labour in Karamoja has been described in detail (Iyer and Mosebo 2017) |
Child acute malnutrition | Limited monthly data available for triangulation. Monthly patterns in child AM highly plausible if patterns of food availability, women’s workload and birth patterns are used to explain AM |
Child malaria | Limited monthly health data available for triangulation Vector populations expected to increase during wet seasons with related peaks in disease incidence (Selvaraj et al. 2018) Monthly calendar results highly plausible |
Child diarrhoea | Limited monthly health data available for triangulation Diarrhoea caused by bacteria and Cryptosporidium had a higher prevalence in rainy/summer months in the tropics compared to dry/summer months; rotavirus prevalence was higher in drier months (Chao et al. 2019). Households had limited access to clean water or sanitation in study areas Monthly calendar results are plausible if the main infectious causes of diarrhoea in the study areas are bacteria and Cryptosporidium |
Human births | Limited monthly health data available for triangulation Marked seasonality of births reported in neighbouring pastoralist area of Kenya, with the same pattern as study sites (Leslie and Fry 1989) |