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Research, Policy and Practice

Table 2 Threat level from socio-environmental factors according to groups of farmers

From: The functional traits and threats to the Borgou cattle breed as perceived by farmers in Benin

Threats

LargeZB (n = 23)

SedPur (n = 35)

SIntPur (n = 18)

SmallZB (n = 29)

Kruskal–Wallis test

p-value and S

LGBB

4 (2)a

3.42 ± 1.47

4 (1.5)a

3.50 ± 1.27

3 (3)a

3.35 ± 1.33

4 (3)a

3.57 ± 1.43

0.91529

0.8217 NS

LVF

3 (2)a

2.82 ± 1.12

3 (1.5)a

2.83 ± 1.26

3 (1.75)a

2.85 ± 1.09

3 (2)a

2.90 ± 1.25

1.2248

0.7471 NS

CC

3 (1)a

2.82 ± 1.33

2 (1)a,b

2.26 ± 1.17

2 (1.75)b

1.92 ± 1.14

2 (2)a,b

2.24 ± 1.11

5.2194

0.032*

Conflicts

2 (1)a

2.42 ± 1.25

2 (2)a

2.13 ± 1.07

2 (1.5)a

2.21 ± 0.89

2 (1)a

2.30 ± 1.18

1.9582

0.5811 NS

UCB

4 (2)a

3.64 ± 1.47

4 (1.5)a

3.86 ± 1.04

4 (1)a

3.85 ± 1.16

4 (2)a

3.96 ± 1.04

2.3018

0.5122 NS

LbShort

2 (3)a

2.46 ± 1.34

3 (1)a

2.53 ± 1.00

2 (2)a

2.07 ± 0.91

2 (1)a

2.12 ± 1.05

4.2287

0.2378 NS

PMgm

2 (2)

2.82 ± 1.51a

2 (1)a

2.10 ± 1.18

3 (2)a

2.42 ± 1.39

2 (2)a

2.54 ± 1.37

2.4218

0.4896 NS

RedPL

3 (2.5)a

2.78 ± 1.39

3 (2)a

3.00 ± 1.33

3 (1.75)a

2.64 ± 1.21

3 (2)a

3.12 ± 1.11

0.68523

0.8767 NS

  1. Values in brackets are interquartile range (IQR)
  2. SIntPur semi-intensive purebred Borgou cattle farming, SedPur sedentary purebred Borgou cattle farming, LargeZB large transhumant of Zebu and Borgou cross-bred cattle farming, SmallZB small transhumant of Zebu and Borgou cross-bred cattle farming, S significance, LGBB lack of good breeding bulls, LVF lack of veterinary follow-up, UCB uncontrolled cross-breeding, PMgm poor management, RedPL reduction of pasture lands, LbShort labour shortage, CC climate change
  3. a,b,cThe values on the same row with different letters are significantly different at 5%
  4. *p < 0.05