The functional traits and threats to the Borgou cattle breed as perceived by farmers in Benin

Pastoralism

Research, Policy and Practice

Table 1 Threat level from the other cattle breeds according to groups of farmers

Breed	LargeZB (n = 23)	SedPur (n = 35)	SIntPur (n = 18)	SmallZB (n = 29)	Kruskal–Wallis test	p-value and S
Azawak	4 (2)^a 4.10 ± 1.37	4 (2)^b 3.63 ± 1.24	4 (1)^b 3.28 ± 0.99	4 (2)^b 3.72 ± 1.17	5.185	0.0211*
Goudali	4 (0.5)^a 3.96 ± 1.31	4 (1)^a 4.36 ± 0.85	3.5 (2)^a 3.50 ± 1.16	5 (1)^a 4.06 ± 0.99	5.8831	0.1174 NS
Mbororo	3 (1.5)^a 2.50 ± 1.34	2 (2.5)^a 2.96 ± 1.29	3.5 (1)^a 3.35 ± 1.00	3 (2)^a 3.03 ± 1.23	4.1881	0.2419 NS
Ndama	2 (1)^a 2.00 ± 0.81	2 (1)^b 1.53 ± 0.62	2 (0)^ab 1.71 ± 0.46	1 (1)^b 1.51 ± 0.50	5.273	0.0147*
Somba	2 (1)^a 1.67 ± 0.77	2 (1)^a 1.83 ± 0.69	2 (1)^a 1.50 ± 0.65	2 (1)^a 1.72 ± 0.76	0.37008	0.9464 NS
Yakana	4 (2)^a 4.00 ± 0.95	4 (2)^a 3.71 ± 1.27	4 (2)^a 3.27 ± 1.36	4 (2)^a 3.62 ± 1.29	2.8065	0.4224 NS
Exotic breeds	2 (1)^a 2.52 ± 0.59	2 (1)^b 1.72 ± 0.75	2 (1)^ab 2.00 ± 0.87	2 (0)^ab 2.13 ± 0.69	13.358	0.003923**

Values in brackets are interquartile range (IQR)
SIntPur semi-intensive purebred Borgou cattle farming, SedPur sedentary purebred Borgou cattle farming, LargeZB large transhumant of Zebu and Borgou cross-bred cattle farming, SmallZB small transhumant of Zebu and Borgou cross-bred cattle farming, p-value value of the probability, S significance, NS non-significant
^a,b,cThe values on the same row with different letters are significantly different
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01