Ranchers or pastoralists? Farm size, specialisation and production strategy amongst cattle farmers in south-eastern Kazakhstan

Pastoralism

Research, Policy and Practice

Table 4 Genetic improvement, subsidies and credit in feeding strategy clusters and households

Cluster	HH	1: small sedentary	2: medium mobile	3: medium fodder purchaser	4: medium fodder producer	5: large mobile fodder purchaser	6: large mobile fodder producer	Total farms	*Pearson’s chi-squared test*^#	*Logistic regression lncattle*^α
N	50	40	56	25	32	27	20	200	χ²	β
Any kind of genetic improvement (0/1)	0.14	0.03^-cv	0.11	0.16	0.13	0.56^+cv	55^+cv	0.20	46.6***	1.83***
Uses any type of pedigree bull (0/1)	0.10	0^-cv	0.11	0.12^-cv	0.09	0.44^+cv	50^+cv	0.17	41.0***	1.97***
Uses artificial insemination (0/1)	0.04	0.03	0	0.04	0.03	0.04	0	0.02	2.7	−0.70
Has subsidised bull (0/1)	0	0	0	0	0	0.22^+cv	30^+cv	0.06	42.8***	3.37***
Received any subsidy (0/1)	0	0	0.02	0	0.06	0.33^+cv	30^+cv	0.09	40.6***	2.17***
Received credit^† (0/1)	0.14	0.1	0.07	0.24	0.13	0.19	0.20	0.14	6.1	0.44**
Used loan for investment in agriculture (0/1)	0	0.03	0	0.12	0.03	0.07	0.10	0.04	8.4	0.85***
Invested in barn/pasture use (0/1)	0.04	0.05	0.11	0.24	0.13	0.26	0.25	0.15	9.8*	0.37*
Invested in fodder production (0/1)	0	0	0.05	0	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.03	3.4	0.60
Cooperative member (0/1)	0.04	0	0.05	0.08	0.03	0.04	0.20^+cv	0.06	11.2**	0.53*
Uses tractor (0/1)	0.34	0.57	0.54	0.24^-cv	0.66	0.70	0.80	0.57	18.7***	0.49***
Uses mechanical mower (0/1)	0.16	0.40	0.41	0.16^-cv	0.56	0.48	0.80^+cv	0.45	20.9***	0.41**

^†Over past 3 years to the survey (otherwise all figures for 12 months to survey).
^#Test statistic for the difference between farm clusters: ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
^αLogistic regression on log of cattle ownership, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1