Research, Policy and Practice
Group | Environmental context | Mobility response | Institutional arrangements | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of variability | Predictability | Season | Description | Justification type | ||
Local herds | Seasonal and altitudinal variation in temperature (including snowfall and snow melt) | Predictable; some temporal fluctuations ±2 weeks | Springa | Begin grazing of spring-fall pastures | Completing the set | Clearly defined territorial boundaries and user group. Grazing allowed until village leaders reserve land for fodder growth. |
Summera | Move up to summer pastures | Completing the set | Clearly defined territorial boundaries and user group. | |||
Rotating camps within summer pastures | Completing the set and diffusing pressure | Access through deed or temporary contract with deed-holder. | ||||
Falla | Return down to village to graze on spring-fall pastures | Completing the set | Clearly defined territorial boundaries and user group. Grazing allowed after fodder harvest. | |||
Non-local herds | Seasonal and altitudinal variation in temperature (including snowfall and snow melt) | Predictable; some temporal fluctuations ±3 weeks | Mid-spring | Migrate from lowlands to summer mountain pastures | Completing the set | Clearly defined state-owned livestock migration routes open to all herds. |
Intra-seasonal and altitudinal variation in temperature; grazing-induced variability in forage density | Summera | Rotating camps within summer pastures | Completing the set and diffusing pressure | Clearly defined territorial boundary and user group. Access through single-year contracts with State Land Committee. | ||
Seasonal and altitudinal variation in temperature (including snowfall and snow melt) | Early fall | Return from summer mountain pastures to lowlands | Completing the set | Clearly defined state-owned livestock migration routes open to all herds. Lowland pastures have clearly defined territorial boundaries and user groups. Access through deed. |