Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, Uganda

Pastoralism

Research, Policy and Practice

Table 3 Bacterial isolates associated with contamination of raw milk

Bacteria type	Number	Frequency	Probable source^a
S. aureus	35	46	Milk handlers, mastitic cows
CoNS	22	29	Milk handlers, mastitic cows
E. coli	9	12	Environment, cattle, humans
S. agalactiae	6	8	Cattle
Salmonella spp.	4	5	Cattle, humans
Total number and percentage	76	100

^aS. aureus and CoNS are frequently shed from the nostrils of humans and infected udders of cows; E. coli is associated with human and cattle (animals) faecal matter and is shed into the soil and water; S. agalactiae is associated with infected udder while Salmonella can be shed by infected humans and cattle