Research, Policy and Practice
Table 2 Socio-economic characteristics of cattle owners-managers and absentee-owners
|  | Overall (n = 211) | Owners-managers (n = 121) | Absentee-owners (n = 90) | Chi-square | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | (%) | Â | Â | ||
Sex | Â | ||||
 Male | 94.3 | 93.4 | 95.6 | 0.452 | 0.501 |
 Female | 5.7 | 6.6 | 4.4 |  |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | 42.84 | 0.001 |
 Otammari | 74.9 | 91.7 | 52.2 |  |  |
 Others | 25.1 | 8.3 | 47.8 |  |  |
Educational level | Â | Â | Â | 3.760 | 0.052 |
 Non-educated | 80.6 | 85.1 | 74.4 |  |  |
 Educated | 19.4 | 14.9 | 25.6 |  |  |
Cattle keeping since childhood | Â | Â | Â | 15.17 | 0.001 |
 Yes | 55.5 | 66.9 | 40.0 |  |  |
 No | 44.5 | 33.1 | 60.0 |  |  |
Off-farm employment | Â | Â | Â | 1.013 | 0.314 |
 Yes | 11.8 | 9.9 | 14.4 |  |  |
 No | 88.2 | 90.1 | 85.6 |  |  |
Main source of income | Â | Â | Â | 4.853 | 0.088 |
 Crop farming | 69.7 | 63.4 | 77.5 |  |  |
 Livestock keeping | 24.9 | 29.5 | 19.1 |  |  |
 Off-farm employment | 5.5 | 7.1 | 3.4 |  |  |
|  | Means ± SD |  |  | ||
Age of household head (years) | 49.2 ± 14.29 | 49.0 ± 14.63 | 49.4 ± 13.93 | Not applied | 0.757 |
Household size (n) | 8.1 ± 3.88 | 7.9 ± 3.98 | 8.3 ± 3.77 | 0.181 | |
Cultivated land size (ha) | 4.0 ± 2.46 | 3.5 ± 1.72 | 4.2 ± 2.70 | 0.306 | |