Characterization of smallholder cattle production systems in South-Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Pastoralism

Research, Policy and Practice

Table 3 Summary of the logit model and Poisson models of socio-economic determinants of adoption of exotic breeds and herd sizes

Source	Adoption of exotic breeds			Herds’ size
Source	β	S.E.	Prob > χ²	β	S.E.	Prob > χ²
Constant	− 2.561	0.486	0.000***	2.610	0.038	0.000***
Experience in cattle farming	− 0.018	0.013	0.166	− 0.004	0.001	0.000***
Age	0.003	0.009	0.725	− 0.001	0.001	0.097
AEZ—medium altitude
AEZ—high altitude	0.678	0.243	0.005**	0.255	0.019	0.000***
Sex—male
Sex—female	0.631	0.389	0.099.	0.213	0.031	0.000***
Marital status—married
Marital status—divorced	− 0.099	1.176	0.933	− 0.259	0.127	0.042*
Marital status—widow	− 0.129	1.342	0.923	− 1.750	0.260	0.000***
Education level—illiterate
Education level—primary	− 0.246	0.327	0.452	0.563	0.025	0.000***
Education level—secondary	0.370	0.285	0.195	0.521	0.025	0.000***
Education level—university	0.690	0.561	0.219	0.490	0.052	0.000***
Source of income—farming
Source of income—off-farm	0.482	0.264	0.049*	0.063	0.022	0.005**
Grazing system—herding
Grazing system—free-range	0.887	0.265	0.001***	0.891	0.021	0.000***
Grazing system—zero-grazing	0.054	0.338	0.873	− 0.075	0.031	0.016*
Owned land—less than 5 ha
Owned land—5 ha and more	0.245	0.260	0.347	0.066	0.019	0.000***
	AUC = 0.699 LR χ² (13) = 62.480 Prob > χ² = 0.000*** Log likelihood = − 329.279 Pseudo R² = 0.087			LR χ² (13) = 2989.980 Prob > χ² = 0.000*** Log likelihood = − 12,403.11 Pseudo R² = 0.108