Research, Policy and Practice
Type1 | Type2 | Type3 | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Agro-ecological zone (AEZ) (%) | ||||
Medium altitude | 42.8 | 97.7 | 1.4 | 50.2 |
High altitude | 57.2 | 2.3 | 98.6 | 49.8 |
Gender (%) | ||||
Woman | 4.5 | 3.5 | 13.7 | 5.1 |
Man | 95.5 | 96.5 | 86.3 | 94.9 |
Marital status (%) | ||||
Divorced | 0.5 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
Married | 99.0 | 100.0 | 98.6 | 99.2 |
Widow | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Schooling level (%) | ||||
Illiterate | 26.0 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 21.2 |
Primary | 29.4 | 33.3 | 28.8 | 30.1 |
Secondary | 42.0 | 56.7 | 56.2 | 46.1 |
University | 2.6 | 1.2 | 5.5 | 2.5 |
Main source of income (%) | ||||
Livestock/agriculture | 86.9 | 85.4 | 75.5 | 85.7 |
Off-farm activity | 13.1 | 14.6 | 24.6 | 14.3 |
Age (years) | 47.3 ± 15.0 | 44.3 ± 13.2 | 41.0 ± 6.3 | 46.2 ± 14.2 |
Experience in cattle farming (years) | 15.3 ± 11.3 | 14.3 ± 9.8 | 7.3 ± 7.0 | 14.4 ± 11.0 |
Grazing system (%) | ||||
Herding | 76.7 | 98.8 | 21.9 | 76.5 |
Free range in paddocks | 10.2 | 0.6 | 63.0 | 12.7 |
Zero-grazing | 13.1 | 0.6 | 15.1 | 10.8 |
Other livestock raised (%) | ||||
Goat | 91.8 | 68.4 | 100.0 | 87.8 |
Pig | 47.7 | 44.4 | 47.9 | 47.0 |
Poultry | 86.3 | 78.4 | 100.0 | 85.9 |
Sheep | 20.0 | 28.7 | 0.0 | 20.0 |
Cattle breeds raised (%) | ||||
Local breedsa | 99.8 | 99.4 | 100.0 | 99.8 |
Exotic breedsb | 8.6 | 15.2 | 65.8 | 14.7 |
Hybrid breeds | 9.2 | 20.5 | 65.8 | 16.2 |
Feed ration composition (%) | ||||
Forages only | 59.0 | 38.0 | 83.6 | 56.9 |
Forages + nutritional supplements | 41.0 | 62.0 | 16.4 | 43.1 |
Dietary supplements provision (%) | 26.3 | 22.8 | 97.3 | 31.6 |
Prophylaxis practices (%) | ||||
Pest control | 40.9 | 49.7 | 78.4 | 46.0 |
Vaccination | 70.9 | 89.5 | 61.6 | 73.8 |
Owned land for livestock (%) | ||||
Less than 5 ha | 83.2 | 53.8 | 35.1 | 73.0 |
5 ha and more | 16.8 | 46.2 | 64.9 | 27.0 |
Main targeted livestock product (%) | ||||
Milk | 95.5 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 96.8 |
Meat | 72.5 | 98.8 | 98.6 | 79.1 |
Main farming objective (%) | ||||
Savings | 48.9 | 26.4 | 75.0 | 44.9 |
Prestige | 5.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.5 |
Family subsistence | 45.6 | 73.6 | 25.0 | 50.6 |
Main destination of products (%) | ||||
Self-consumption | 4.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 3.0 |
Sales | 96.0 | 99.4 | 100.0 | 97.0 |
Numerical composition of the herd | ||||
Herd size range | 1–40 | 20–126 | 41–182 | 1–182 |
Herd size | 6.3 ± 6.7 | 45.1 ± 19.4 | 78.1 ± 28.1 | 20.1 ± 26.8 |
Number of suckler cows | 1.2 ± 1.8 | 9.0 ± 4.9 | 37.2 ± 11.8 | 5.8 ± 10.9 |
Number of pregnant cows | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 6.2 ± 4.3 | 15.2 ± 12.1 | 3.4 ± 5.9 |
Number of sires | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 2.3 ± 2.4 | 5.9 ± 4.6 | 1.7 ± 2.3 |
Number of heifers | 1.0 ± 1.7 | 6.9 ± 4.7 | 4.7 ± 4.6 | 2.5 ± 3.8 |
Number of young sires | 0.4 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 2.6 | 6.4 ± 3.3 | 1.4 ± 2.5 |
Total number of calves | 0.8 ± 1.2 | 8.8 ± 4.9 | 4.3 ± 2.1 | 2.7 ± 4.1 |
Number of male calves | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 3.9 ± 2.4 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 1.9 |
Number of female calves | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 4.9 ± 3.1 | 2.4 ± 1.7 | 1.4 ± 2.4 |
Total number of cattle covered | 3909 | 7704 | 5699 | 17,312 |
Corresponding proportion (%) | 22.6 | 44.5 | 32.9 | 100.0 |
Production | ||||
Weight of an adult (kg) | 261.5 ± 56.2 | 311.3 ± 88.9 | 362.3 ± 87.3 | 280.4 ± 74.4 |
Number of cattle sold annually | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 1.6 | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 1.3 ± 1.3 |
Milk production/female/day (l) | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 2.9 | 2.9 ± 1.4 |