Research, Policy and Practice
Variable | VSP | SP | MP | LP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Herd composition | ||||
Milking cows | 3.2 ± 3.1 | 10.1 ± 5.2 | 24.0 ± 16.3 | 109.1 ± 91.7 |
Calved cows | 0.9 ± 1.9 | 1.3 ± 3.3 | 2.0 ± 6.3 | 10.6 ± 36.1 |
Dry cows | 2.2 ± 2.6 | 5.0 ± 4.5 | 13.8 ± 13.4 | 55.9 ± 43.1 |
Female calves (0–1 year) | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 3.8 ± 2.5 | 15.9 ± 14.2 |
Male calves (0–1 year) | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 2.6 | 15.5 ± 12.0 |
Raising females (1–2 years) | 0.8 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 2.6 | 7.0 ± 7.6 | 31.4 ± 34.4 |
Raising males (1–2 years) | 0.5 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 2.3 | 4.4 ± 6.1 | 27.8 ± 37.3 |
Heifers for breeding (2–3 years) | 1.3 ± 2.4 | 3.7 ± 5.3 | 8.6 ± 10.9 | 37.8 ± 39.8 |
Fattening calves (2–3 years) | 0.3 ± 1.4 | 0.7 ± 3.1 | 3.2 ± 8.4 | 20.0 ± 38.4 |
Bulls | 0.7 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 1.4 | 2.7 ± 2.2 | 11.3 ± 10.8 |
Supplementary feeding | ||||
Supply rate of concentrate feeds (kg year−1 AU−1)a | 228.1 ± 85.9 | 235.5 ± 91.2 | 307.4 ± 96.4 | 310.7 ± 105.9 |
Supply rate of supplements (kg year−1 AU−1)a | 76.0 ± 32.2 | 73.1 ± 31.4 | 84.7 ± 38.9 | 95.4 ± 41.3 |
Supply rate of mineral salt (kg year−1 AU−1)a | 29.2 ± 13.8 | 31.8 ± 7.9 | 33.3 ± 4.9 | 33.6 ± 1.7 |
Productive parameters | ||||
Weight at birth (kg) | 32.4 ± 4.5 | 32.6 ± 4.4 | 32.3 ± 4.4 | 33.0 ± 4.0 |
Weight at weaning (kg) | 139.1 ± 24.9 | 141.9 ± 23.1 | 154.6 ± 25.1 | 150.8 ± 24.4 |
Age at weaning (months) | 8.2 ± 1.4 | 8.2 ± 1.2 | 8.6 ± 1.1 | 8.8 ± 0.9 |
LWG pre-weaning stageb (kg day−1) | 0.45 ± 0.12 | 0.45 ± 0.10 | 0.48 ± 0.11 | 0.45 ± 0.09 |
LWG fattening stage (kg day−1) | 0.41 ± 0.07 | 0.42 ± 0.07 | 0.43 ± 0.10 | 0.47 ± 0.08 |
Mortality rate (%) | 11.3 ± 11.8 | 9.1 ± 10.6 | 5.6 ± 5.7 | 3.0 ± 2.1 |
Milk production (L cow−1 day−1) | 3.2 ± 2.2 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | 3.7 ± 1.4 | 3.7 ± 1.1 |