Table 2 Biophysical and land-use features in dual-purpose farms by category of livestock producers (average ± standard deviation)

Total number of producers (percentage of total)

697 (53.1)

211 (16.1)

352 (26.8)

53 (4.0)

Animals per farm, number

15 ± 8

40 ± 6

103 ± 46

474 ± 288

Total farm area (ha)

14.5 ± 25.7

27.7 ± 25.1

77.0 ± 114.6

286.3 ± 384.5

Livestock area, ha

14.1 ± 25.3

27.5 ± 25.1

76.7 ± 114.2

285.6 ± 384.3

Livestock numbers (AU Farm⁻¹)

10.6 ± 5.7

28.4 ± 4.5

72.1 ± 33.2

335.1 ± 202.3

Livestock numbers (AU ha⁻¹)

1.2 ± 0.9

1.4 ± 0.8

1.5 ± 1.0

1.6 ± 0.9

Farms with agroforestry crops (%)

2.6

0

0

0

Farm area with agroforestry crops (%)^a

0.6 ± 5.0

–

–

–

Farms with perennial crops (%)

12.6

6.6

7.1

3.8

Farm area with perennial crops (%)^a

1.9 ± 7.0

0.6 ± 6.4

0.4 ± 3.5

0.01 ± 0.04

Farms with transitory crops (%)

11.8

9.0

8.0

5.7

Farm area with transitory crops (%)^a

1.6 ± 6.8

0.4 ± 2.5

0.5 ± 3.5

1.0 ± 5.7

Farms with improved pastures (%)

48.9

39.1

34.1

37.7

Farm area with improved pastures (%)^a

26.8 ± 34.4

25.1 ± 34.9

19.5 ± 31.8

20.5 ± 31.4

Farms with silvopastoral systems (%)

2.0

3.3

2.0

9.4

Farm area with silvopastoral systems (%)^a

0.4 ± 4.7

0.1 ± 0.6

0.1 ± 1.1

1.4 ± 8.2

Flat area (% of total area)

46.7 ± 40.2

54.6 ± 41.0

65.6 ± 38.9

86.8 ± 26.9