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Research, Policy and Practice

Table 2 Percentage of responders per categories for the three clusters identified by the hierarchical classification analysis

From: Characteristics of smallholders’ goat production systems and effect of Boer crossbreeding on body measurements of goats in Burundi

Variables and categories

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Total

Stata

Grazing mode

    

***

 Free grazing

0

37.7

88.7

38.9

 

 Herding/tethering

0

56.4

9.4

37.6

 

 Mixed crop-livestock system

100

5.9

1.9

23.5

 

Pasture area

    

***

 Individual grazing

12.9

41.2

18.9

31.9

 

 Communal grazing

1.6

58.8

81.1

51.4

 

 Stall feeding

85.5

0

0

16.6

 

Type of flock

    

*

 Flock with only pure indigenous goats

38.7

61.3

65.1

57.1

 

 Flock with indigenous goats and Boer crossbreds

61.3

38.7

34.9

42.9

 

Use of forage crops in the feed

    

**

 Yes

72.6

41.2

39.7

46.7

 

 No

27.4

58.8

60.3

53.3

 

Presence of litter in the stall

    

***

 Yes

93.5

76.3

28.3

69.9

 

 No

6.5

23.7

71.7

30.1

 

First purpose for keeping goats

    

***

 Manure

41.9

21.5

1.9

22.2

 

 Sale

4.8

2

86.8

16.6

 

 Both (manure and sale)

53.3

76.5

11.3

61.2

 

Size of the herds

    

***

 Small: less than 5 heads

53.2

42.2

3.8

37.9

 

 Medium: 5 to 10 heads

43.6

52.3

20.7

45.5

 

 Large: over 10 heads

3.2

5.5

75.5

16.6

 

Level of income from goats’ sale (in the year following the survey)

    

***

 No sales of goats

45.2

44.8

1.9

37

 

 Low: less than 50,000 BIF

29.0

23.2

9.4

22.6

 

 Medium: from 50,000 to 100,000 BIF

14.5

23.2

17

21.3

 

 High: more than 100,000 BIF

11.3

8.8

71.7

19.1

 

Money spent for veterinary care (in the year following the survey)

    

***

 Low: less than 5000 BIF

74.2

65.7

20.7

59.9

 

 Medium: from 5000 to 10,000 BIF

14.5

18.6

18.9

17.8

 

 High: more than 10,000 BIF

11.3

15.7

60.4

22.3

 

Agro-ecological zone

    

***

 Central highlands

63

33.5

1.9

33.8

 

 Congo-Nil-Crest

30.6

18.6

1.8

17.6

 

 Depressions of the Northeast

0

26.3

19

19.7

 

 Mumirwa

3.2

13.9

37.7

15.9

 

 Imbo

3.2

7.7

39.6

12.9

 
  1. *p ˂ 0.05; **p ˂ 0.01; ***p ˂ 0.001
  2. aStatistical significance of the chi-square or exact Fisher’s test for differences between clusters