Comparative fatty-acid profile and atherogenicity index of milk from free grazing Nguni, Boer and non-descript goats in South Africa

Idamokoro, Emrobowansan M.; Muchenje, Voster; Afolayan, Anthony J.; Hugo, Arno

doi:10.1186/s13570-019-0138-8

Pastoralism

Research, Policy and Practice

Table 2 Effect of genotype, lactation stage and interaction between genotype and lactation stage on fatty acid relative to total % fatty acid content of free-ranging indigenous goats

From: Comparative fatty-acid profile and atherogenicity index of milk from free grazing Nguni, Boer and non-descript goats in South Africa

FAME (% of total fatty acid ratio)	Genotype			Lactation stage		P value
FAME (% of total fatty acid ratio)	Nguni (10)	Boer (10)	Non-descript (10)	Early	Late	G	L	G × L
Butyric	0.66^b ± 0.02	0.69^ab ± 0.03	0.76^a ± 0.02	0.73^a ± 0.02	0.68^a ± 0.02	0.0300	0.2116	0.8995
Caproic	1.47 ± 0.04	1.60 ± 0.07	1.64 ± 0.05	1.49^b ± 0.04	1.66^a ± 0.04	0.0390	0.0113	0.1959
Caprylic	2.23^a ± 0.09	2.43^a ± 0.15	2.58^a ± 0.11	2.14^b ± 0.10	2.69^a ± 0.10	0.0835	0.0004	0.2603
Capric	8.23^a ± 0.41	9.32^a ± 0.66	9.44^a ± 0.48	7.57^b ± 0.43	10.43^a ± 0.43	0.1314	0.0001	0.2320
Hendecanoic	0.01^a ± 0.004	0.01^a ± 0.007	0.01^a ± 0.005	0.01^a ± 0.004	0.02^a ± 0.004	0.4672	0.2719	0.1523
Lauric	3.39^a ± 0.18	3.80^a ± 0.29	3.83^a ± 0.21	3.18^b ± 0.19	4.17^a ± 0.19	0.2427	0.0006	0.1633
Tridecoic	0.01^a ± 0.004	0.02^a ± 0.007	0.02^a ± 0.005	0.02^a ± 0.004	0.02^a ± 0.005	0.1187	0.9308	0.9036
Myristic	7.90^c ± 0.33	9.49^ab ± 0.54	9.56^a ± 0.39	8.20^b ± 0.35	9.77^a ± 0.35	0.0038	0.0027	0.6084
Myristoleic	0.03^a ± 0.009	0.01^a ± 0.01	0.04^a ± 0.01	0.02^a ± 0.01	0.03^a ± 0.01	0.2323	0.6065	0.0965
Pentadecylic	0.82^c ± 0.03	0.88^bc ± 0.05	1.03^a ± 0.04	0.88^a ± 0.03	0.94^a ± 0.03	0.0008	0.2457	0.1756
Palmitic	24.79^c ± 0.36	27.99^a ± 0.59	26.07^b ± 0.43	25.61^b ± 0.38	26.94^a ± 0.38	0.0001	0.0179	0.7137
Palmitoleic	0.47^a ± 0.02	0.48^a ± 0.04	0.56^a ± 0.33	0.56^a ± 0.03	0.45^b ± 0.02	0.0905	0.0127	0.0641
Margaric	0.81^a ± 0.02	0.86^a ± 0.04	0.89^a ± 0.03	0.97^a ± 0.02	0.74^b ± 0.02	0.1606	0.0001	0.0070
Heptadecenoic	0.19^a ± 0.02	0.19^a ± 0.04	0.23^a ± 0.03	0.23^a ± 0.02	0.18^a ± 0.02	0.6887	0.1581	0.2746
Stearic acid	17.92^a ± 0.48	16.19^bc ± 0.76	15.26^c ± 0.56	17.33^a ± 0.50	15.59^b ± 0.49	0.0024	0.0173	0.6811
Elaidic	0.20^a ± 0.01	0.06^c ± 0.02	0.15^b ± 0.01	0.13^a ± 0.01	0.14^a ± .01	0.0001	0.7794	0.0455
Oleic	26.59^a ± 1.04	21.90^bc ± 1.66	22.64^c ± 0.1.22	26.25^a ± 1.09	21.16^b ± 1.08	0.0174	0.0017	0.1744
Vaccenic	0.43^a ± 0.02	0.25^bc ± 0.03	0.26^c ± 0.02	0.29^a ± 0.02	0.33^a ± 0.02	0.0001	0.2171	0.0006
Linolelaidic	0.21^a ± 0.01	0.07^bc ± 0.02	0.11^b ± 0.01	0.11^a ± 0.01	0.15^a ± 0.01	0.0001	0.0524	0.0064
Linoleic	1.26^c ± 0.08	1.78^bc ± 0.12	1.97^a ± 0.09	1.82^a ± 0.08	1.52^b ± 0.08	0.0001	0.0134	0.0444
Conjugated linoleic acid	0.63^a ± 0.04	0.16^c ± 0.06	0.53^ab ± 0.04	0.38^b ± 0.04	0.50^a ± 0.04	0.0001	0.0465	0.0012
α-Linolenic	1.09^c ± 0.06	1.12^bc ± 0.10	1.40^a ± 0.07	1.26^a ± 0.07	1.15^a ± 0.07	0.0126	0.2882	0.0063
Nonoadecanoic	0.11^a ± 0.01	0.13^a ± 0.02	0.10^a ± 0.01	0.11^a ± 0.01	0.12^a ± 0.01	0.4942	0.5195	0.3870
Arachidic	0.18^c ± 0.02	0.29^b ± 0.03	0.39^a ± 0.02	0.30^a ± 0.02	0.27^a ± 0.02	0.0001	0.4291	0.3246
Eicosatrienoic	0.04^bc ± 0.007	0.05^b ± 0.01	0.12^a ± 0.009	0.07^a ± 0.008	0.07^a ± 0.008	0.0001	0.8894	0.7003
Arachidonic	0.03^c ± 0.006	0.06^ab ± 0.01	0.07^a ± 0.007	0.06^a ± 0.006	0.04^b ± .006	0.0040	0.0223	0.9616
Eicosopentaenoic	0.05^a ± 0.006	0.01^bc ± 0.009	0.03^b ± 0.007	0.04^a ± 0.006	0.02^a ± 0.006	0.0102	0.1031	0.8608
Heneicosanoic	0.04^b ± 0.006	0.02^bc ± 0.01	0.08^a ± 0.007	0.04^a ± 0.006	0.05^a ± 0.006	0.0001	0.3325	0.1608
Docosapentaenoic	0.07^b ± 0.009	0.04^bc ± 0.01	0.09^a ± 0.01	0.09^a ± 0.009	0.05^b ± 0.009	0.0176	0.0195	0.3499

Mean (± S.E.) values within rows with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05) between genotypes and lactation stages
S.E. standard error

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