Impacts of woody invasive alien plant species on rural livelihood: Generalized propensity score evidence from Prosopis spp. invasion in Afar Region in Ethiopia

Pastoralism

Research, Policy and Practice

Table 5 Estimated GPS: linear regression of Prosopis invasion level on covariates

Variable	Coef.	Robust std. err.	Z
TLU	0.003	0.01	0.49
HHsize	0.06	0.14	0.45
Sex	− 0.23	0.06	− 3.98***
Age	− 0.11	0.06	− 1.93*
Edu	− 0.10	0.05	− 1.81*
NFIncm	− 0.01	0.05	− 0.26
Aid	− 0.08	0.10	− 0.73
Credit	− 0.24	0.10	− 2.53**
Participation	− 0.11	0.05	− 2.43**
Nrm_expert	0.00	0.00	0.78
Dist_mkt	0.03	0.01	2.32**
Dist_school	0.02	0.01	2.87***
Dist_health	0.02	0.01	2.64***
Dist_watrp	0.02	0.03	0.72
HHExp	− 0.00	0.00	− 2.70***
HHExp square	0.00	0.00	1.97**
HHExp cube	− 0.00	0.00	− 1.40
Age square	0.00	0.00	2.06**
Age cube	− 0.00	0.00	− 2.24**
TLU square	− 0.00	0.00	− 1.64
TLU cube	0.00	0.00	2.09**
HHsize square	− 0.01	0.02	− 0.41
HHsize cube	0.00	0.00	0.31
Edu square	0.06	0.02	3.10***
Edu cube	− 0.01	0.00	− 3.42***
Dist_watrp square	− 0.01	0.01	− 0.88
Dist_watrp cube	0.00	0.00	0.55
Cons	0.52	0.82	0.64
Adj R-squared	0.0288
Number of obs	253

Source: own computation results based on survey data, 2016. ***, ** and * means significant at the 1, 5 and 10% probability levels, respectively