Pastoralism

Research, Policy and Practice

Table 4 Scio-economic characteristics of sample households by invasion level

From: Impacts of woody invasive alien plant species on rural livelihood: Generalized propensity score evidence from Prosopis spp. invasion in Afar Region in Ethiopia

Dummy variables		Invasion level			Total	χ² value
Dummy variables		Low	Medium	High	Total	χ² value
Sex	Female	8	3	7	18	4.514
	Male	71	99	65	235
	Yes	52	66	49	167
Aid	Not Received	0	2	4	6	5.146*
Aid	Received	79	100	68	247	5.146*
Participation	No	55	58	52	165	5.371*
Participation	Yes	24	44	20	88	5.371*
NFIncm	No	20	17	19	56	5.245^*
NFIncm	Yes	63	65	69	197	5.245^*
Credit	No Access	79	78	69	226	30.322***
Credit	Access	0	24	3	27	30.322***
District	Amibara	0	86	42	128	151.9***
	Awash Fentale	54	0	30	84
	Gewane	25	16	0	41
Continuous variables	Invasion level	N	Mean	SD		F test
TLU	Low	79	14.48	8.80		8.532***
	Medium	102	21.28	21.32
	High	72	11.90	11.41
HHsize	Low	79	5.03	1.96		1.717
	Medium	102	5.31	1.71
	High	72	5.64	2.48
Age	Low	79	39.18	12.80		0.973
	Medium	102	41.79	11.95
	High	72	40.86	13.14
Edu	Low	79	1.63	1.57		0.772
	Medium	102	1.37	1.19
	High	72	1.58	1.90
Nrm_expert	Low	79	23.53	15.95		4.646**
	Medium	102	20.84	14.39
	High	72	28.18	17.02
Dist_mkt	Low	79	33.96	14.91		103.997***
	Medium	102	11.27	8.39
	High	72	15.40	8.53
Dist_watrp	Low	79	0.36	0.62		6.908***
	Medium	102	2.02	4.34
	High	72	2.93	6.23
Dist_healt	Low	79	1.92	3.35		7.055***
	Medium	102	3.30	4.55
	High	72	5.15	7.54
Dist_school	Low	79	0.85	2.56		5.741***
	Medium	102	3.45	7.31
	High	72	2.66	3.27

Source: own computation results based on survey data, 2016. ***, ** and * means significant at the 1, 5 and 10% probability levels, respectively

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