Wildlife-livestock interface, veterinary cordon fence damage, lack of protection zones, livestock theft and owner apathy: Complex socio-ecological dynamics in Foot and Mouth disease control in southern Africa

Pastoralism

Research, Policy and Practice

Table 1 Characteristics of households in the study area (Zone 6), Botswana

Variable	Matsiloje + Matopi (n = 42) %	Borolong + Mathangwane (n = 52) %
Gender (head of household)
(a) male (b) female	(a) 59.5 (b) 40.5	(a) 69.2 (b) 30.8
Age (head of household)
≤35 years	7.1	5.8
36 to 50 years	14.3	13.5
51 to 60 years	9.5	28.9
>60 years	69.1	51.9
Education (head of household)
None	40.5	25.0
Primary	38.1	44.2
Secondary	16.7	21.2
Tertiary	4.8	9.6
Main income source
Crop sales	11.9	19.2
Stock sales	71.4	55.8
Informal employment	0.0	7.7
Government Old Age Pension Scheme	9.5	11.5
Full-time employment	2.4	3.8
Government Food Baskets	2.4	0.0
Other	2.4	1.9
Livestock owned
(a) cattle (b) goats (c) sheep (d) donkeys (e) other	(a) 100 (b) 85.7 (c) 26.2 (d) 23.8 (e) 7.1	(a) 100 (b) 75 (c) 11.5 (d) 4.9 (e) 17.3