Research, Policy and Practice
Table 2 Status of use and change indicators of waterhole piosphere
Use and change indicators | Distance outward from the piosphere | Overall average | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25 m | 50 m | 75 m | 100 m | ||
Litter cover (%) | |||||
 Very low | 63.6 | 61.3 | 51.5 | 50.0 | 56.6 |
 Low | 27.3 | 32.3 | 42.4 | 38.2 | 35.0 |
 Moderately low | 9.1 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 11.8 | 8.3 |
Trampling intensity (%) | |||||
 Overall trampling intensity | 69.5 | 64.5 | 63.7 | 52.9 | 62.7 |
 Very low | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 Low | 16.1 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 11.8 | 7.8 |
 Moderately low | 6.5 | 19.4 | 12.9 | 73.5 | 28.1 |
 High | 67.7 | 74.2 | 74.2 | 14.7 | 57.7 |
 Very high | 9.7 | 6.5 | 9.7 | 0.0 | 6.5 |
Soil surface hardness (%) | |||||
 Soft | 11.8 | 33.3 | 25.8 | 23.5 | 23.6 |
 Moderately soft | 8.8 | 3.3 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 6.1 |
 Hard | 14.7 | 13.3 | 9.7 | 17.6 | 13.8 |
 Very hard | 20.6 | 23.3 | 16.1 | 11.8 | 18.0 |
 Loose | 44.1 | 26.7 | 41.9 | 41.2 | 38.5 |
Erosion signs (%) | |||||
 Present | 93.9 | 75.8 | 87.1 | 88.2 | 86.3 |
 Not present | 6.1 | 24.2 | 12.9 | 11.8 | 13.7 |
Rills (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Present | 69.7 | 21.2 | 29.0 | 35.3 | 39.1 |
 Not | 30.3 | 78.8 | 67.7 | 64.7 | 60.9 |
Gullies (%) | |||||
 Present | 24.2 | 21.2 | 24.2 | 35.3 | 26.4 |
 Not present | 75.8 | 78.8 | 74.2 | 64.7 | 73.6 |
Litter dams (%) | |||||
 Present | 30.3 | 24.2 | 24.2 | 35.3 | 28.6 |
 Not present | 69.7 | 75.8 | 74.2 | 64.7 | 71.4 |
Pedestals (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Present | 18.2 | 12.9 | 9.7 | 20.6 | 15.3 |
 Not present | 81.8 | 87.1 | 90.3 | 79.4 | 84.7 |
 Percent exposure | 70.2 | 63.1 | 64.7 | 64.9 | 65.7 |
 Plant height (m) | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 |