Control of bush encroachment in Borana zone of southern Ethiopia: effects of different control techniques on rangeland vegetation and tick populations

Pastoralism

Research, Policy and Practice

Table 2 Mean difference value of parameters between before and after the control actions

Parameters	Mean differences across treatments					Overall mean difference
Parameters	1	2	3	4	5	Overall mean difference
Basal cover (%)	13.3^a	10.3^a	20^a	16.6^a	19.4^a	15.9^a
Litter cover (%)	6.4^a	4.7^a	18.7^a	7.6^a	4.6^a	8.4^a
Soil erosion (%)	2.4^b	3.0^b	5.7^b	4.0^b	1.4^b	3.3^b
Soil compaction (%)	9.7^b	12.3^b	7.3^b	11.7^b	3^b	8.8^b
Number of nymph-stage tick/ha	15,000^b	7,222.2^b	10,555.5^b	12,777.8^b	6,666.7^b	10,444.5^b
Number of adult-stage tick/ha	1,666.6^b	2,222.2^b	1,111.1^b	2,777.8^b	1,111.1^a	1,333.3^b

Key: ^aIncreased mean value when after treatment application mean value was subtracted from before treatment application mean value. ^bDecreased mean value when after treatment application mean value was subtracted from before treatment application mean value.