Measuring household vulnerability to climate-induced stresses in pastoral rangelands of Kenya: Implications for resilience programming

Opiyo, Francis EO; Wasonga, Oliver V; Nyangito, Moses M

doi:10.1186/s13570-014-0010-9

Pastoralism

Research, Policy and Practice

Table 7 Factors influencing household’s vulnerability

From: Measuring household vulnerability to climate-induced stresses in pastoral rangelands of Kenya: Implications for resilience programming

Variables	Estimate	SE	OR	z	pvalue
Sex of HH head: female	−1.3828	0.2303	0.2509	−6.0049	<0.0001*
Age of HH head: 50+ years	1.5714	0.2704	4.8134	5.8106	<0.0001*
Experiences in the area: less than 5 years	−0.6187	0.399	0.5386	−1.5506	0.1220
HH size: more than 5 persons	2.2155	0.2651	9.1663	8.3585	<0.0001*
Educational level: no primary education	−0.1754	0.2684	0.8391	−0.6534	0.5140
Dependents: more than 5 persons	2.1434	0.2639	8.5281	8.1212	<0.0001*
Marital status: single (including divorced and widowed)	−0.4689	0.2349	0.6257	−1.9965	0.0468*
Linkages: having no social linkages	0.4232	0.2456	1.5268	1.7233	0.0859**
Visit by extension officers: no access to extension services	−1.0717	0.2237	0.3424	−4.7909	<0.0001*
Access to early warning information: having no access	−1.017	0.2535	0.3617	−4.0119	<0.0001*
Non-farm income: HH with no farm income	2.3332	0.2715	10.3108	8.5946	<0.0001*
Herd size in TLU: own less than 2 TLUs	−1.8785	0.3414	0.1528	−5.502	<0.0001*
Herd structure: no milking herd	−0.668	0.2434	0.5128	−2.7442	0.0064*
Distance to market: more than 10 km away	0.7694	0.2301	2.1586	3.3442	<0.0001*
Property regime: own private land	0.5666	0.375	1.7623	1.5111	0.1318
Access to remittances: no cash transfers	−0.2696	0.2161	0.7637	−1.2477	0.2131
HH employed: no member of HH employed	−0.6226	0.3337	0.5365	−1.866	0.0630**
HH coping strategies: less than 2 coping strategies	−1.0896	0.4268	0.3363	−2.5529	0.0112*
Livestock diversity: less than 2 livestock species	3.3875	0.3506	29.592	9.663	<0.0001*
Credit access: having no access to credit at all	−1.1825	0.2703	0.3065	−4.3753	<0.0001*
Mobility: able to move livestock freely	1.2984	0.2424	3.6635	5.3571	<0.0001*
Temperature: experiencing increase	−0.0412	0.2175	0.9597	−0.1892	0.8500
Drought: noticed increasing events	−0.2123	0.6269	0.8087	−0.3387	0.7350
Flood: noticed change	−0.1252	0.5225	0.8823	−0.2396	0.8108
Wind: noticed unusual change	−0.2462	0.3355	0.7818	−0.7338	0.4636
HH facing more than 2 hazards in 5 years	−0.0369	0.2409	0.9638	−0.1532	0.8784

SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio; z, score of two sample tests (basically a t test) though using the standard normal to calculate the p value and expressing the statistically significance levels at *5% and **10%. (Source: Ordinal logistic regression model: single predictors).

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