Evaluation of losses of replacement heifers in pastoral and peri-urban camel herds in semi-arid northern Kenya

Pastoralism

Research, Policy and Practice

Table 3 Marginal effects of factors influencing loss of replacement heifers before first calving

Variables	Maximum likelihood coefficient	Robust standard error	Z	P> \|z\|
Herd (0, 1)^a	0.0857	0.0254	3.37	0.000*
Educ (scale)	−0.0039	0.0109	−0.36	0.719
Train (0, 1)	−0.0104	0.0088	−1.18	0.237
Veterinary services accessed (scale)	−0.0551	0.0173	−3.18	0.001**
Labour^b (0,1)	0.1059	0.0237	4.47	0.000*
Security (scale)	−0.0627	0.0168	−3.73	0.000*
_cons	0.5387	0.0412	13.08	0.000

Log likelihood = −1,218.1793; number of observations = 1,877; LR chi square (6) = 113.39; Prob > chi square = 0.000; pseudo R² = 0.2024. *Significance at 1%; **significance at 5%. ^aA dummy variable indicating pastoral herd (0) and peri-urban herd (1); ^ba dummy variable indicating owner (0) and hired (1) labour.