Research, Policy and Practice
Table 1 Phases in the political economy of wildlife
From: The economics and institutional economics of wildlife on private land in Africa
Phase | Features |
|---|---|
1. Pre-modern economy | · Use is limited by ability/costs of harvesting |
2. Frontier economy | · Costs of harvesting greatly reduced by technology. |
· Profits increased by markets. | |
· But few rules or norms to control use | |
3. Wildlife is nationalized | · Control of wildlife centralized in the state |
· Commercial use greatly restricted | |
4. Sustainable use approach | · Use of wildlife devolved to landholders (and later, to communities) |
|  | · Commercial uses encouraged |