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Table 1 Modern variation in air temperature and annual precipitation recorded at GNIP stations along and around the Eurasian steppe [data from the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) database (IAEA/WMO 2006)].

From: Some like it hot: environmental determinism and the pastoral economies of the later prehistoric Eurasian steppe

       

air temperature

precipitation

  

GNIP station

country

longitude

latitude

altitude (m)

min (°C) 1

max (°C) 1

mean (°C) 2

(mm) 2

western region

north

Odessa

Ukraine

30.63

46.48

64

-9.8

34.4

9.4

350

  

Har'kov

Ukraine

36.28

49.93

148

-14.4

22.5

9.4

350

  

Saratov

Russia

46.03

51.56

166

-15.8

24.8

6.8

462

 

south

Tbilisi

Georgia

44.95

41.68

490

-8.1

30

13.4

521

  

Batumi

Georgia

41.63

41.65

6

3.8

27.1

14.6

2486

eastern region

north

Omsk

Russia

73.38

55.01

94

-24.1

21.1

1.9

404

  

Novosibirsk

Russia

82.9

55.03

162

-24.8

20.7

1.3

422

  

Enisejsk

Russia

92.15

58.45

98

-29.6

19.8

-1.2

491

 

south

Tashkent

Ukbekistan

69.27

41.27

428

-13.4

28.9

13.3

455

  

Wulumuqi

China

87.62

43.78

918

-15.7

29.8

7.9

263

 

east

Ulaanbaatar

Mongolia

106.98

47.93

1338

-31.9

20.8

0.1

255

  1. The GNIP stations have been divided into western and eastern regions, according to their longitudinal position in relation to the Ural Mountains, and then into groups within these regions according to their position. (No data for Kazakhstan).
  2. Notes:
  3. 1- minima and maxima of seasonal temperature variation (not from the same years, as different periods of time sampled for the different sites)
  4. 2- long term means