Indigenous fodder trees can increase grazing accessibility for landless and mobile pastoralists in northern Pakistan

Pastoralism

Research, Policy and Practice

Table 4 nutritional aspects of the fodder tree leaves and shrubs available in the study area

Fodder plant	DM [%]	CP [%]	IVDMD [%]	PIR [gm/4 min]	± SE*
Trees
Ailanthus chinensis	26.7	15.2	63.2	37.0	± 3.42 ^b
Zizyphus jujube	23.4	17.8	63.2	71.2	±14.21^a
Melia azedarach	21.7	12.8	62.6	36.3	± 2.63 ^b
Grewia oppositifolia	27.3	19.9	62.2	72.8	± 16.35^a
Corylus avellana	22.6	20.7	61.3	69.5	± 14.57^a
Aesculus indica	28.6	18.7	60.6	67.8	± 15.12^a
Diospyros lotus	29.4	14.2	57.5	68.3	± 15.62^a
Acacia modesta	23.4	17.5	55.9	41.4	±7.23 ^b
Betula utilis	28.2	19.7	54.4	70.8	± 12.17^a
Morus nigra	27.2	14.6	54.4	69.4	±8.23 ^a
Acacia nilotica	22.7	18.1	54.3	43.5	±8.44 ^b
Ficus sarmentosa	33.4	12.4	54.3	45.5	± 4.94 ^b
Salix tetrasperma	24.8	17.4	52.7	39.8	±7.62 ^b
Robinia pseudoacacia	23.7	11.9	52.7	40.3	± 8.61 ^b
Morus alba	26.5	14.8	52.3	72.3	± 11.4^a
Celtis australis	23.7	10.7	49.3	69.8	± 7.66^a
Olea cuspidate	36.4	11.6	46.4	38.8	± 10.76 ^b
Celtis caucasica	32.2	10.1	46.3	67.5	± 20.87^a
Quercus incana	37.4	11.9	42.4	18.3	± 2.36^c
Quercus dilatata	38.6	12.0	41.9	13.2	±1.92 ^d
Shrubs
Impatiens bicolor	38.1	15.6	69.7	34.0	± 6.68^c
Cotoneaster nummularia	36.4	19.8	63.2	70.9	±11.39 ^a
Anisomeles indica	28.4	19.8	61.2	57.5	± 8.87^ab
Debregeasia salicifolia	33.6	18.0	58.2	67.5	± 11.00^a
Indigofera gerardiana	38.1	16.6	57.8	67.5	± 15.95^a
Myrsine africana	36.2	23.7	57.1	53.0	± 8.47^bc
Indigofera heterantha	37.2	17.3	55.9	64.3	±9.14 ^a
Dodonaea viscosa	22.2	17.3	41.9	13.5	± 2.25^d
Artemisia maritima	31.4	13.6	41.9	16.5	±2.31 ^d

* Each figure represents the mean (± standard error) of four samples. Subscript letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).